Steam-boiler



{N'o Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. MAwoRMwK STEAM BOILBR.

No. 547,929. Patented oct. 15, 1995.

` ,m5/j. l

ANDREW B GRAHAM.PNUTOUYHQWASHINGTDMD c 3 Sheets- Sheet 2.

(NoMdel.)

J. MAoooR-MAGK,

STEAM BOILER.

HTTnnN-EYS- Patented Oct. 15, 1.895.

me O 0 W|TNEssEsz 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(NModel.)

' J. MAGCORMACK,

STEAMBOILER.'

No. 547,929. Patented 905, 15, 1895.

' IWF-NTU WITNEESSES:

Ntra *Sterns JOIIN MACOORMAOK, OF BAYONNE, NEW JERSEY.

STEAM-BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 547,929, dated October 15, 1895. Application led'JuneS, 1895. Serial No. 552,188. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, JOHN MAcCoRMAcK, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bayonne, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Steam-Boilers; and I do hereby declare that the following is a clear and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to certain improvements in the construction and design of internally-red Water-tube boilers for use on land or sea, but more especially for the latter use.

The main object of the invention is the proy duction of a boiler which shall possess superior generating capacity combined with the ability to stand much higher pressures than have heretofore been carried. The particular design adopted is well adapted to this object and also enables sheet and forged metal to be used throughout the construction of the boiler, thereby producing a lighter and safer boiler and avoiding the use of cast metal so common in large marine boilers. A great desideratum in the construction of a boiler is the convenience with which it may be operated, cleaned, and overhauled; also the dispatch with which a leak may be discovered and stopped. All these advantages are attained in a boiler constructed on my improved plans.

With these objects and ends in view my invention consists in the construction, combination, and arrangement of parts hereinafter fully described,and set forth in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this speci fcation,Figure 1 is a side elevation, partially in section, showing my improved internally-tired water-tube boiler. Fig. 2 is an end elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of one of the water-heads, taken in the plane represented by the line 3 3, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a vertical section through the boiler, taken on the-line 44, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a vertical section through the center of one end of the steam-shell. Fig. 6 is a horizontal central section ot' said end of the steam-shell. Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail view showing one of the water-pipe plugs. Figs. 8 land 9 are details of the mantle or shield. Figs. lO and 1l are details of the bafde-plates.

12 and 13 represent, respectively, the waterheads of the boiler; 14, the steam-shell extending from one head tothe other; 15, the watertubes, likewise extending from one head to the other; 16, larger water-tubes located in the Yplane ot the tire-box, whose grate is represented at 17, and 18 a large water-tube located below the grate and extending from one head to the other.

19 represents the mantle or shield extending from one Water-head to the other and inclosing the steam-shell and Water-tubes, thereby forming with said water-heads the furnace portion of the boiler.

20 represents the uptake to which the smoke-stack is connected.

I will now describe in detail the various parts of .my improved boiler. Each waterhead consists ot an outer end sheet, as 21, and an inner end or flue sheet, as 22, which are connected by a band or plate riveted to flanges on said sheets, as shown, or by a flanged band or plate, to which said sheets may be riveted, as found most expedient in the manufacture. Through one of these water-heads, as 13, extend tubes, as 23, which constitute the passages to the fire-box. These tubes are closed at their outer end by suitable doors, as indicated in Fig. 2. In said waterhead below these fines or passages is formed a manhole, as indicated at 24, Fig. 2. From said water-head 13 the steam may be taken, as from the union indicated at 25, and from each water-head, as indicated at 26, suitable blow-offs may be led. These water-heads I prefer to make of suiiicient width to permit a man to enter them and work therein with ease. It is also necessary, and one of the essential features of my invention, to provide adequate means for strengthening and bracing the ends of the Water-head against the pressure of the steam, and to make waterheads of this sort practical the braces must be made and located in a manner to be readily removable. For this purpose I secure to the outer end of the water-head a series of strong back angles 27, provided at suitable intervals with perforations through their projecting portion for the reception of the hook ends of toggle-hook'braces 28. These braces are formed so that when in place the hooks shall snugly fit the perforations of the strong back angles and the shoulders thereon shall bear IOO against the edges of said angles. This form of brace will sustain a great pressure and is readily removed and again inserted. In removing them it is simply necessary to tap with a hammer first one hook and then the other, when they will be easily loosened. The steam-shell may be secured in the flue-sheets of the water-heads in any suitable manner. I have shown it, however, secured thereto by suitable angles, having iirst reinforced the inner ends of said shell, as indicated in Fig. 5 at 29. To provide the required bracing for that portion of the outer end of the waterhead lying opposite the steam-shell, I locate within said shell' suitable eyes, as 42, for the reception of the inner ends of togglediook braces 28', whose outer ends are located in the perforations of the strong back angles secured to the outer end of the water-head. These longer toggle-braces may extend obliquely, as shown from the eyes 42, to the strong back angles on said outer ends and shorter braces, as 28, having their inner ends inserted, preferably, in holes formed in the ends of the steam-shell, though they may be placed in eyes located on the inside of said shell, extend also obliquely or straight across, as their location may demand, to perforations in strong back angles on said outer end. Such arrangement of braces is clearly illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6. I also locate within the steam-shell a through-brace, as 43, extending from the outer end of one water-head to the outer end of the other, and connected thereto by suitable nuts and jamnuts, as indicated. This through-brace not only strengthens the Water-heads but provides for holding the outer plates in place while they are being riveted. The water-tubes 15 I prefer to secure to the tine-sheets 22 by expanding them to form a bead at one side of said sheet and belling their ends at the other side, as clearly indicated in Fig. 7. This act of expansion and helling may be done by the same tool and firmly secures the tube in place and at the same time braces the two sheets. The larger water-tubes may be secured in any desired manner; but I have shown them secured by fianged collars or angles, as indicated in Fig. 1. The water-tnbes 15 are placed in horizontal series and collected in several groups spaced apart, as clearly indicated in the drawings, there being four groups shown, the upper two of which are divided bythe steam-shell. This spacing apart of the groups of water-tubes is for a double purpose. It provides uninterrupted sections in the fine-sheets for the attachment of the Strong back angles, and it also provides for the reception of the bathe-plates 30. I preferably use three of these baffle-plates, which extend alternately from one water-head to within a suitable distance from the other and fromthe mantle at one side of the boiler to the same at the other side. The uppermost of said baille-plates is located at the sides of the steam-shell, as clearly indicated in Fig. 4. The baffle-plates thus arranged compel the products of combustion, as they pass from the tire-box to the smokefstack, to traverse the entire extent of each group of water-tubes, the upper deflectiug plate forcing said products of combustion along the sides of the steam-shell. In this manner every available unit of heat is utilized. The baffle-patesI preferably make of fire-brick, constructed of such size and proportions as to lie evenly upon the water-tubes 15, as indicated in the drawings, wherein they are shown placed closely together and constituting a continuous plate. To retain these plates intact-that is, to prevent the bricks from moving along the tubes as the boiler moves with the vessel in which it is placed-l form one or more grooves in the surface of the bricks of each baille-plate and insert in said grooves suitable bars, as 3l, which shall extend from one side of the boiler to the other, their ends being secured to the mantle, as clearly indicated in Fig. 4. The bridge-wall 3l is preferably constructed of fire-brick, substantially as in dicated, by securing angle-bars 32 to the mantle and building up the bridge-wall between said angle-bars.

I have shown in Fig. 3 the grate 17 as extending from one side of the water-head to the other, the space between the sides of the water-head and the mantle being lled with a plate of any sort, as indicated at 32. Obviously, if desired, the grate may be extended to the mantle; but the grate already described is of more than the ordinary area, and upon that fact rests in a great degree the superiority of this improved boiler.

The mantle or shield 19 may be made in various ways; but I prefer to construct it of an outer layer or plate of iron, strengthened interiorly by angle-bars 33, and between which are secured transversely thereto oblique angle-plates 34:, which are perforated for tl1ereception of pins or rods 35. The interspaces between the angle-bars 33 and plates 34 are filled with a non-combustible non-heat-conducting material, as 36, which is applied to the mantel in a plastic condition. This material may be ofany of the well-known compositions. The object of using the plates 3i and pins 35 is not only to secure better attach ment of said material to the plate of the mantle, but to provide at the same time for readily renewing a damaged portion. To this mantle at its ends are secured the angular chocking-plates 37, which ll in the spaces between the mantle and the cylindrical waterheads and in which at each end of the boiler are placed the doors 38, which may or may not be provided with dampers for the admission of air and which serve for admitting workmen to the interior of the furnace portion of the boiler and for the removal of ashes and soot. I also preferably locate in the sides of the mantle, as indicated by dotted lines at 39 in Fig. 1, one or more doors, through which inspection of the water-tubes may be readily made and cleaningtools may be easily in- IOC IIO

serted. These doors may be made all in one I piece or divided transversely, as desired, for the more ready inspection of the boiler without hinderance to its operation.

To confine the mantle and boiler in their proper relative positions, I locate under the boiler a suitable pan, as 40, in which the heads of the boiler and the lower ends of the mantle rest and upon which the bridge-wall 3l is constructed. This mantle is held at a sufficient elevation above the boiler proper to enable it to be lined with a plastic material, af-

ter which it is lowered into the position shown lthrough which access may be had to said tubes in the usual Way. These hand-holes are preferably formed elliptical, as indicated, and are provided with a plate and bridge. To these hand-hole plates and bridges I add one of the essential features of my improved boiler-namely, the plugs by which the water-tubes may be closed. Said plugs consist of the head, as 44, having preferably a spherical surface, adapted to tit in the belled ends of the tube 15. These heads may be of any material suitable for the purpose of forming a tight joint between them and said tubes. To the heads are connected the screw-threaded stems 45. These stems are Vcombined with the hand-hole plates, as follows: Each handhoie plate 46 is centrally perforated, and through this perforation passes a hollow bolt 47, screw-threaded on its interior to forma socket for said stem 45. This bolt passes through the hand-hole bridge 48 and receives upon it the nut 49, which serves to hold the bolt, hand-hole plate, and bridge in place. Normally the plug 44 will be removed sufficiently from the end of the tube 15 to allow free circulation of water, and when it is .desired to shut o a tube, as in the case of a leak therein, a key or wrench may be applied to the outer end of the stem 45, which is square, to receive the same andthe head 44 tirmly seated within the belled end of its respective tube, even to the extent of crowding the tube more tightly against the due-sheet. I may form the sockets of' the stems 45 directly in the outer ends of the water-heads in case handholes are not provided for the tubes, but I prefer to use the hand-holes and combine the plugs therewith, as shown and described.

My invention as set forth is especially designed and constructed for marine use, but many of the features are well adapted to use in land-boilers of this class, and I intend to so use them.

I have shown and described the waterheads as cylindrical, but obviously they may be of anyother form. For instance, they may have the outline ofthe mantle indicated in Fig.4. The large water-tubes 16 and 18, and particularly the latter, being located at the lower ends of the water-heads, insure a thorough circulation of the water, thereby preventing the dangers often resulting from dead-water. They also add strength to the construction and provide against injurious expansion and contraction.

In the construction of my boiler I provide a sufficient number of water-tubes and make them of a size such that their combined areas will be greater than that of the water-heads and steam-shell.

The construction already described enables one to readily inspect the boiler while in operation, as through doors 39, and to stop a leak in any one or more of the tubes 15 by simply turning into both ends of any leaking tube the plugs 44, thereby placing the boiler again in good condition until it can be overhauled at port. The stems 45 I have shown in Fig. 1 as protruding their full length from the boiler, but this is not necessary. They may be turned in until the plugs are within about ive inches of the ends of the tubes, or, if preferred, to turn the plugs out to their full extent said stems may be hinged, as indicated at 50, Fig. 1, and the outer end of said stems turned either up or down, according to location. If desired, said stems may also be protected from dirt and injury by placing upon them short lengths of pipe, as indicated at 5l in Fig.1. I also prefer to attach to the waterheads inclined plates or shields 52, which shall protect the stems 45 and also the heads of the stokers. y

Many changes may be made in the construction, arrangement, and proportioning of the various parts of my boiler without departing from the spirit of my invention.

What I claim as my invention is 1. In a Water-tube boiler, the combination with the cylindrical Water-heads, water-tubes extending from the flue-sheet of one of said heads to that of the other, a mantle or shield inclosing said tubes, and chocking angleplates connected to said shield and fitted to said heads, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a Water-tube boiler, the combination With the water-heads and the water-tubes connecting them, of the mantle extending from one head to the other and inclosing said tubes, the angular chocking plates at the ends of said mantle, doors in said plates, and doors in the sides of the mantle, substantially as and for the purpose specified;

3. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with water-heads andthe connecting tubes, of a grate arranged between said heads, and a shield inclosing the space between said heads and consisting of a sheet metalexterior provided interiorly with reinforcing angles, and suitable means for retaining in place a layer of non-combustible non-heatconducting material,'for the purpose specified.

IIO

4. In a water-tube boiler, substantially as described, a mantle or shield consisting of sheet metal having angle ribs on its interior surfaces, perforated angle-plates located between the ribs, pins passing through said perforations, and non-combustible non-heat-eonducting material applied in plastic condition to the interior surface of said sheet metal, as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The combination with the Water-heads and connecting tubes, of the mantle or shield extending from one head tothe other over said tubes, and a pan in which said heads and mantle rest and are confined in their proper relative positions, substantially as set forth.

G. The combination with the water-heads, the connecting tubes and the mantle, of the grate, the angle-bars extending across from one side of the mantle to the otherat the rear of the grate, and the bridge-wall built in between and held in place by said angle-bars, substantially as set forth.

'7. The combination with the water-heads,

, the water-tubes extending from one head to the other and the mantle located as described, of baflle'plates composed of fire bricks placed upon said tubesat different elevations and extending from one side of the mantle to the other, and means for preventing longitudinal movement of the lire bricks as shown and described.

S. The combination with the water-tubes and the mantle, of bathe-plates consisting of fire-bricks placed upon said tubes, and bars secured at their ends in the mantle and lying in grooves in said bricks to hold them in place.

9. In an internally-fired water-tube boiler, the combination with water-heads, of a steamshell extending from one head to the other, water-tubes located between said shell and the grate, and larger water-tubes connecting the water-heads together near their bottoms to provide a perfect circulation of water in the boiler.

l0. In an internally-tired water-tube boiler, the combination with water-heads, of several horizontal series of tubes extending from one head to the other, a steam-shell also extending from one head to the other and partially surrounded by said tubes, and several horizontal baffle-plates extending alternately from the opposite water-heads between said tubes, the uppermost of said plates being divided by said shell and forcing the products of combustion along the sides thereof.

l1. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with a water-head at each end thereof, of tubes connecting said heads together, and a series of removable, hooked braces substantially as described connecting the outer end of a water-head to the flue-sheet thereof, for the purpose set forth.

l2. In a water-tube boiler, substantially as described, the combination with a water-head, of perforated strong-back angles secured to the outer end of the head and to the iue sheet, and toggle-hook braces removably inserted at their ends into the perfor-ations of said angles, as and for the purpose set forth.

13. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with a water-head at each end thereof, of tubes connecting the water-heads and located in horizontal groups spaced apart, strong-back angles secured horizontally to the outer ends of the heads, strong-back angles riveted tothe Hue-sheet in a line with the spaces between groups of tubes, and braces connecting said end to the flue-sheet by attachment thereof to opposite strong-back angles, substantially as set forth.

14. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with a water-head at each end thereof, of water-tubes connected at their ends in the iiuesheets of said heads, a steam-shell also connected to the fine sheets of said heads, and toggle-braces connecting the outer end of each head to the tine-sheet and to the steamshell, substantially as set forth.

15. In a water-tube boiler, the combinationwith a water-head at each end thereof, of water-tubes connecting said heads, a steam shell also connecting said heads, a through brace within said shell connecting the water-heads together, and braces connecting the outer end of each water-head to its respective flue-sheet, substantially as set forth.

16. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with water-heads of which the outer end is separated from the flue-sheet, of a steanrshell connected at its ends in the flue-sheets of said heads and provided with a man-hole, and removable braces connecting the outer end of each water-head to its respective fluesheet and to the steam shell, substantially as set forth.

17. In a water-tube boiler, substantially as described, the combination with a water-head, of perforated strong-back angles secured to the outer end and tiue-sheet respectively of said head, and toggle-hook braces each having a hook and shoulder at both ends the former for insertion into said perforations and the latter to bear against the edge of said angles for the purpose set forth.

1S. ln an internally fired Water-tube boiler substantially as described, the combination with the water-heads of straight water-tubes connecting said heads and secured in the Hue sheets thereof by a bead at one side of each sheet and a belled end at the other, a plug for each end of each tube adapted to enter into the belled end and crowd it more tightly against the due-sheet in the act of plugging the tube, and a screw stem for each plug pass ing through the outer end of the respective water-head to enable the plug to be forced into place from the exterior of the boiler, as and for the purpose set forth.

19. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with water-heads substantially as described, of Water-tubes rigidly connected at their ends in the flue sheets of said heads and thereby bracing said sheets one against the other and ICO IIO

having their ends belled, hand-holes in the outer ends of said heads opposite each tube, and a plug for each of said belled ends provided with a screwstem which turns through a socket in its respective hand-hole plate and is removable therewith, substantially as set forth.

20. In a Water-tube boiler, the combination with Water-heads, of Water-tubes connecting said heads, hand-holes in the outer ends of said heads opposite said tubes, plates and bridges for closing said holes, a hollow studbolt and nut for holding each plate and bridge together, and a tube-plug provided with a screw-threaded stem tting a screw-thread on the interior of said stud-bolt, as and for the purpose specified.

21. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with water-heads, of Water-tubes connecting said heads, plugs for closing the ends of said tubes, screw-threaded stems connected to said plugs and passing through screw-threaded sockets in the outer end of the Water-head, said stems being provided with a joint to enable them to be folded against the Waterhead, as and for thepurpose set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this lst day of June, 1895.

JOHN MAOCORMACK.

Witnesses:

G. S. WARNER, JOHN MoD OUGALL. 

